Travelling to Saudi Arabia: Your Ultimate Guide to an Ancient Land Reborn

Saudi Arabia, a land steeped in ancient history and vibrant culture, is rapidly emerging as a fascinating destination for global travelers. Once largely inaccessible to tourists, the Kingdom has undergone significant transformations, opening its doors to reveal breathtaking landscapes, UNESCO World Heritage sites, bustling modern cities, and a rich tapestry of traditions. This guide aims to provide you with comprehensive knowledge for planning an unforgettable journey to this intriguing nation.

Why Visit Saudi Arabia Now?

• Uncharted Territory: Be among the first to explore many of its wonders as it steps onto the global tourism stage.
• Rich History & Culture: Discover archaeological marvels like AlUla, ancient souks, and vibrant traditions.
• Diverse Landscapes: From the Red Sea coral reefs to the majestic deserts, lush mountains, and serene oases, Saudi Arabia offers a stunning variety of natural beauty.
• Modern Transformation: Witness the ambitious Vision 2030 projects firsthand, blending tradition with futuristic aspirations.
• Warm Hospitality: Experience the legendary generosity and welcoming spirit of the Saudi people.

Visa Requirements: Navigating Your Entry

One of the most significant changes for tourists has been the introduction of the e-Visa system. Most eligible nationalities can now obtain a tourist visa online quickly and efficiently. Key points to remember:

• Eligibility: Check the official Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs website or the Saudi Tourism Authority for the most up-to-date list of eligible countries.
• Application Process: The e-Visa application is typically straightforward, requiring personal details, passport information, and a photograph.
• Visa on Arrival: For some nationalities, a visa on arrival may be available at international airports, but applying for an e-Visa in advance is generally recommended for peace of mind.
• Umrah Visa: For pilgrims, specific Umrah visas are available through authorized travel agencies. Note that non-Muslims are not permitted to enter the holy cities of Makkah and certain central areas of Madinah.
• Passport Validity: Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay.
• Travel Insurance: Comprehensive travel insurance is highly recommended, and often a requirement for visa application.

Always verify the latest visa regulations from official Saudi government sources or your country’s embassy before planning your trip, as policies can change.

Best Time to Visit

Saudi Arabia experiences extreme temperatures, making timing crucial for a comfortable trip:

• Cooler Months (October to April): This is the ideal time to visit. Temperatures are pleasant, ranging from 20-30°C (68-86°F) in most regions, perfect for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
• Summer Months (May to September): These months are characterized by intense heat, often exceeding 40°C (104°F), especially inland. Coastal areas like Jeddah can be humid. Travel during this period is challenging, though indoor attractions remain accessible.
• Ramadan: If traveling during the holy month of Ramadan, be aware that many businesses operate on reduced hours, and it’s respectful to avoid eating, drinking, and smoking in public during fasting hours.

Getting There and Getting Around

International Travel

Saudi Arabia is well-connected globally with several major international airports:

• King Khalid International Airport (RUH) in Riyadh
• King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED) in Jeddah (the primary gateway for Umrah and Hajj pilgrims)
• King Fahd International Airport (DMM) in Dammam

Numerous international airlines offer direct flights to these hubs.

Domestic Transportation

• Domestic Flights: Given the vast distances, domestic flights are the most efficient way to travel between major cities (e.g., Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, AlUla, Abha). Saudi Arabian Airlines (Saudia) is the national carrier.
• Trains: The Saudi Railways Organization (SRO) operates modern train services connecting some major cities, including a high-speed Haramain Railway connecting Makkah, Jeddah, King Abdullah Economic City, and Madinah.
• Buses: Intercity bus services are available and more economical, though journeys can be long.
• Ride-Hailing Apps: Apps like Uber and Careem are widely used and reliable in major cities, offering a convenient way to get around.
• Rental Cars: Renting a car is an option for those comfortable driving in a foreign country, especially if planning to explore remote areas. An international driving permit is typically required in addition to your home country’s license.

Where to Stay: Accommodation Options

Saudi Arabia offers a growing range of accommodation to suit various budgets and preferences:

• Luxury Hotels: Major international chains like Four Seasons, Ritz-Carlton, and InterContinental have a strong presence in Riyadh, Jeddah, and other major cities, offering world-class amenities.
• Boutique Hotels: Increasingly, unique boutique hotels are emerging, particularly in historic districts like Jeddah’s Al-Balad and destinations like AlUla, offering a more localized experience.
• Mid-Range & Budget Options: A good selection of comfortable and affordable hotels can be found throughout the country.
• Unique Stays: In places like AlUla, you might find glamping experiences or eco-resorts that blend luxury with nature.

Must-See Attractions and Experiences

Saudi Arabia is a treasure trove of historical, cultural, and natural wonders. Here’s a glimpse of what awaits:

AlUla and Hegra (Mada’in Saleh)

This ancient Nabataean city, Hegra (a UNESCO World Heritage site), is Saudi Arabia’s first. Often compared to Petra in Jordan, it features remarkably preserved tombs carved into towering sandstone cliffs. AlUla itself is a stunning oasis region with Elephant Rock, the Old Town, and a thriving arts scene.

Riyadh: The Modern Capital

• Diriyah: The historic birthplace of the Saudi Kingdom, a UNESCO site with mud-brick architecture.
• National Museum: A fantastic introduction to Saudi history, culture, and heritage.
• Kingdom Centre Tower & Al Faisaliah Tower: Iconic skyscrapers offering panoramic city views and high-end shopping.
• Masmak Fort: A historic clay and mud-brick fort, central to the Kingdom’s history.

Jeddah: Bride of the Red Sea

• Al-Balad (Historic Jeddah): Another UNESCO World Heritage site, famous for its unique coral-stone architecture, bustling souks, and historic homes. A truly immersive cultural experience.
• Jeddah Corniche: A beautiful waterfront promenade with cafes, art installations, and the iconic King Fahd’s Fountain.
• Floating Mosque: A picturesque mosque seemingly floating on the Red Sea.

The Eastern Province

• Al-Ahsa Oasis: The world’s largest oasis, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its palm groves, natural springs, and traditional crafts.
• Dammam & Khobar: Modern cities with cornishes, shopping malls, and cultural centers.

Asir Region: The Green Heart of Saudi Arabia

• Abha: Known for its stunning mountain scenery, cooler climate, and traditional stone villages.
• Rijal Almaa: A spectacular ancient village with multi-story mud and stone fortresses, a candidate for UNESCO status.

Religious Sites (Access Restrictions Apply)

• Makkah: Home to the Kaaba and the Grand Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), the holiest site in Islam. Access is restricted to Muslims only.
• Madinah: The city of the Prophet, home to Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque). While some areas are open to non-Muslims, the central Prophet’s Mosque and its immediate surroundings are for Muslims only.

Local Customs and Etiquette: Respecting the Culture

Saudi Arabia is a conservative Islamic country, and respecting local customs is paramount for an enjoyable and respectful visit. The country has relaxed some social rules for tourists, but cultural sensitivity remains key.

• Dress Code:
  • Women: While an abaya (a loose, full-length robe) is no longer legally required for foreign women, dressing modestly is highly recommended. This means covering shoulders and knees, avoiding overly revealing clothing, and opting for loose-fitting attire. A headscarf is not generally required for tourists in public, but it’s advisable to carry one to wear when visiting mosques or if you wish to show extra respect.
  • Men: Men should also dress modestly, avoiding shorts above the knee in public and opting for trousers or long shorts and shirts that cover the shoulders.
• Public Behavior:
  • Public Displays of Affection: Avoid public displays of affection.
  • Alcohol: Alcohol is strictly prohibited throughout Saudi Arabia. Do not attempt to bring it into the country or consume it.
  • Prayer Times: Respect prayer times (Salah). Shops and businesses may close briefly during prayers.
  • Photography: Always ask for permission before photographing individuals, especially women. Be mindful when photographing government buildings or sensitive areas.
• Greetings: A simple “Assalamu Alaikum” (peace be upon you) is a common and appreciated greeting. Handshakes are common between men, but it’s best to wait for a woman to initiate a handshake with a man.
• Gender Segregation: While not as strictly enforced for tourists as it once was, you might still encounter separate queues or sections for men and women in some public places.

Food and Drink: A Culinary Journey

Saudi cuisine is a delightful blend of Middle Eastern, Indian, and North African influences, centered around hospitality and fresh ingredients. Be prepared for a feast!

• Staple Dishes:
  • Kabsa: The national dish, a fragrant rice dish with meat (chicken, lamb, or camel) and spices.
  • Mandi: Slow-cooked meat (often lamb or chicken) with aromatic rice, traditionally cooked in a tandoor.
  • Shawarma & Falafel: Popular street food options, readily available and delicious.
  • Dates: Saudi Arabia is famous for its dates, offered in numerous varieties and often served with Arabic coffee.
• Beverages:
  • Arabic Coffee (Gahwa): A symbol of hospitality, often served black and unsweetened, with cardamom.
  • Tea: Sweet black tea is also popular.
  • Fresh Juices: A wide variety of fresh fruit juices are readily available.
• Dining Experience: You’ll find everything from traditional floor seating restaurants to modern international chains. Don’t miss trying local eateries for an authentic experience.

Safety and Health Advice

• General Safety: Saudi Arabia is generally a very safe country with low crime rates. However, like any travel destination, it’s wise to take standard precautions: be aware of your surroundings, protect your valuables, and avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas at night.
• Road Safety: Driving standards can vary. Exercise caution as a pedestrian or if driving yourself.
• Health Precautions:
  • Hydration: Drink plenty of water, especially during warmer months, to avoid dehydration.
  • Sun Protection: Use sunscreen, wear hats, and sunglasses.
  • Food Hygiene: Be mindful of where you eat; stick to reputable restaurants.
  • Medical Facilities: Major cities have modern hospitals and medical facilities. Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance.
  • Vaccinations: Consult your doctor about recommended vaccinations before traveling.
• Emergency Numbers:
  • Police: 999
  • Ambulance: 997

Money and Communication

• Currency: The official currency is the Saudi Riyal (SAR), which is pegged to the US Dollar.
• ATMs & Credit Cards: ATMs are widely available in cities and towns. Major credit cards (Visa, MasterCard) are accepted in most hotels, large shops, and restaurants. It’s advisable to carry some cash for smaller purchases and local markets.
• Tipping: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory. In restaurants, a 10-15% tip is customary for good service.
• SIM Cards & Wi-Fi: Local SIM cards are easily purchased at airports and telecom stores (STC, Mobily, Zain) with your passport. Wi-Fi is widely available in hotels, cafes, and many public spaces.
• Language: Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken in business, tourism, and by younger generations, especially in major cities.

Packing Essentials

• Modest Clothing: As detailed in the ‘Customs & Etiquette’ section. Light, breathable fabrics are best.
• Sun Protection: Sunscreen, wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses.
• Comfortable Walking Shoes: Essential for exploring historical sites and cities.
• Reusable Water Bottle: To stay hydrated and reduce plastic waste.
• Power Adapter: Type G (UK style) is the standard in Saudi Arabia.
• Basic First-Aid Kit & Personal Medications: With copies of prescriptions if necessary.
• Portable Charger: For your electronic devices, especially when out exploring.

Tips for Female Travelers

Saudi Arabia has made significant strides in empowering women and easing restrictions for female tourists. However, it’s still important to be aware of certain considerations:

• Dress Code: Reiterate the guidance on modest dress (shoulders and knees covered, loose clothing). While an abaya is not required, many female tourists choose to wear one for comfort and cultural immersion, especially outside major tourist zones. A headscarf is generally only needed when entering mosques.
• Solo Travel: Female solo travel is increasingly common and generally safe. Saudi women are often friendly and curious, and you may find yourself engaging in interesting conversations.
• Social Interactions: Public interaction with men who are not family members is generally limited. It’s best to be respectful of personal space and avoid initiating physical contact like handshakes unless offered.
• Transportation: Ride-hailing apps (Uber/Careem) are a safe and reliable option for female travelers.

Conclusion: Embrace the Adventure

Travelling to Saudi Arabia is an adventure unlike any other. It offers a unique opportunity to witness a nation in transition, balancing its deep-rooted heritage with ambitious modernity. By respecting its customs, embracing its hospitality, and venturing with an open mind, you’ll uncover a destination that will surprise, educate, and leave you with unforgettable memories. Prepare to be captivated by the majesty of its landscapes, the richness of its history, and the warmth of its people. Your journey to the heart of Arabia awaits!